02465nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245008900055210006900144300000600213520159700219653001901816653001401835653001601849653002401865653002601889653002601915100002201941700002401963700002601987700002302013700001702036700001802053700002002071700002002091856007602111 2012 eng d a1878-614600aFour phenotypically and phylogenetically distinct lineages in Phytophthora lateralis0 aFour phenotypically and phylogenetically distinct lineages in Ph a-3 a

Until recently Phytophthora lateralis was known only as the cause of dieback and mortality of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana in its native range in the Pacific Northwest. Since the 1990s however disease outbreaks have occurred increasingly on ornamental C. lawsoniana in Europe; and in 2007 the pathogen was discovered in soil around old growth C. obtusa in Taiwan, where it may be endemic. When the phenotypes of over 150 isolates of P. lateralis from Taiwan, across the Pacific Northwest (British Columbia to California) and from France, the Netherlands and the UK were compared three growth rate groups were resolved: one slow growing from Taiwan, one fast growing from the Pacific Northwest and Europe and one of intermediate growth from a small area of the UK. Within these growth groups distinct subtypes were identified based on colony patterns and spore metrics and further discriminated in a multivariate analysis. The assumption that the three main growth groups represented phylogenetic units was tested by comparative sequencing of two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes. This assumption was confirmed. In addition two phenotype clusters within the Taiwan growth group were also shown to be phylogenetically distinct. These four phenotypically and genotypically unique populations are informally designated as the Pacific Northwest lineage, the UK lineage, the Taiwan J lineage and the Taiwan K lineage. Their characteristics and distribution are described and their evolution, taxonomic and plant health significance is discussed.

10aColony pattern10aevolution10aGrowth rate10aMultigene phylogeny10aMultivariate analysis10aSporangial morphology1 aBrasier, Clive, M1 aFranceschini, Selma1 aVettraino, Anna Maria1 aHansen, Everett, M1 aGreen, Sarah1 aRobin, Cecile1 aWebber, Joan, F1 aVannini, Andrea uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878614612001717?v=s501777nas a2200181 4500008004100000245012700041210006900168300001400237490000800251520117100259100002201430700001401452700001701466700002201483700001701505700002501522856004801547 2004 eng d00aPhytophthora alni sp. nov. and its variants: designation of emerging heteroploid hybrid pathogens spreading on Alnus trees0 aPhytophthora alni sp nov and its variants designation of emergin a1172-11840 v1083 a

In 1993 a destructive new Phytophthora pathogen of riparian Alnus trees was discovered in the UK and subsequently shown to be present in other parts of Europe. The new Phytophthora comprised a group of emergent heteroploid hybrids, probably between P. cambivora and a species related to P. fragariae. These included a common, near tetraploid standard hybrid, the presumptive allopolyploid; and four scarcer major variant types with chromosome numbers intermediate between diploid and tetraploid, named the Swedish, Dutch, German and UK variants. The standard hybrid type is formally designated here as Phytophthora alni subsp. alni. The Swedish variant is designated as P. alni subsp. uniformis; and the Dutch, German and UK variants collectively as P. alni subsp. multiformis. The properties of the Dutch, German and UK variants within subsp. multiformis are informally described. The problems of designating emergent species hybrids under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and the reasons for the taxonomic choices made are discussed.

1 aBrasier, Clive, M1 aKirk, S A1 aDelcan, Jose1 aCooke, David, E L1 aJung, Thomas1 aMan In’t Veld, W A uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S095375620400100500692nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245020000055210006900255300001400324490000800338100002200346700002200368700002100390700002300411856010000434 2003 eng d a0953-756200aMultiple new phenotypic taxa from trees and riparian ecosystems in Phytophthora gonapodyides-P. megasperma ITS Clade 6, which tend to be high-temperature tolerant and either inbreeding or sterile0 aMultiple new phenotypic taxa from trees and riparian ecosystems  a277 - 2900 v1071 aBrasier, Clive, M1 aCooke, David, E L1 aDuncan, James, M1 aHansen, Everett, M uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B7XMR-4RT04VN-6/2/68f2582c518f07f52e7a0db891ca14dd01711nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245014900055210006900204300001400273490000800287520103900295100002201334700002001356700001901376700001901395700001501414856010001429 2005 eng d a0953-756200aPhytophthora kernoviae sp. nov., an invasive pathogen causing bleeding stem lesions on forest trees and foliar necrosis of ornamentals in the UK0 aPhytophthora kernoviae sp nov an invasive pathogen causing bleed a853 - 8590 v1093 a

A new Phytophthora pathogen of trees and shrubs, previously informally designated Phytophthora taxon C, is formally named here as P. kernoviae. P. kernoviae was discovered in late 2003 during surveys of woodlands in Cornwall, south-west England, for the presence of another invasive pathogen, P. ramorum. P. kernoviae is self-fertile (homothallic), having plerotic oogonia, often with distinctly tapered stalks and amphigynous antheridia. It produces papillate sporangia, sometimes markedly asymmetric with medium length pedicels. Its optimum temperature for growth is ca 18 $ınfty$C and upper limit ca 26$ınfty$. Currently, P. kernoviae is especially noted for causing bleeding stem lesions on mature Fagus sylvatica and foliar and stem necrosis of Rhododendron ponticum. P. kernoviae is the latest of several invasive tree Phytophthoras recently identified in the UK. Its geographical origins and the possible plant health risk it poses are discussed.

1 aBrasier, Clive, M1 aBeales, Paul, A1 aKIRK, Susan, A1 aDenman, Sandra1 aRose, Joan uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B7XMR-4RS503Y-5/2/2264e8910ee36f4e72255d6160ebf9e4